who (whom) 和that的用法区别详解&
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在定语从句中,关系代词
who (
whom) 和
that都可指人和物,在一般情况下,可以互换使用,但在下列情况下值得注意:
一、用who (whom) 而不用that的情形(1) 在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时,只能用
who (
whom)。如:
http://
yingyu.
chazidian.
comMy sister,
who is studying abroad,
sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas. 我姐姐,她在国外学习,就在圣诞节前给我寄来了漂亮的礼物。
(2) 当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时,只能用
who (
whom)。如:
Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你认识黑板前面正在给学生们讲话的那位女孩子吗?
(3) 当先行词为
people和
those时,只能用
who (
whom)。如:
Those who want to go there come here please. 那些想去那儿的人请来这边。
(4) 当先行词为
one,
ones,
anyone,
everyone,
none,
all(指人) 时,只能用
who (
whom)。如:
Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。
(5) 先行词指人,而关系代词在从句中作主语时,一般多用
who。如:
The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days. 昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来。
(6) &
nbsp;在there be句型中名词的定语从句多用who (whom)。如:
There are students in our class who /
whom you have met. 我们班有些学生你见过。
(7) &
nbsp;当句子中有两个指人的现行词分别带有两个定语从句时,若一个定语从句的引导词为
that, 那么,另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who。如:
The boy
that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university. 刚才你会到的那个男孩是李明的刚从大学毕业的弟弟。
二、用that 而不用who (whom)的情形(1) &
nbsp;当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,引导词只能用
that。如:
The tallest player
that plays football for our team is from Shandong. 在为我们队踢足球的最高哪个运动员来自山东。
(2) 当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very形容词修饰时,引导词只能用
that。如:
He is the only student
that said “no” to the teacher. 他是唯一的一个对老师说“不”的学生
(3) 当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时,引导词只能用
that。如:
Who is woman
that you talked with just now? 刚才跟你谈话的那位妇女是谁?
(4) the same as 与 the same
thatthe same as所引导定语从句的内容与先行词同类而不同物;the same
that表示所引导的从句内容与先行词同类同物,即:同一事物。如:
She is wearing the same coat
that I lost a few days ago. 她正穿着我几天前所丢失的上衣。(暗含:她偷了我的上衣)
She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago. 她正穿着跟我几天前所丢失的上衣同样的上衣。(暗含:她所穿的上衣不是我所丢失的那一件)
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