2. The NCAA Cartel
2.美国大学体育界垄断联盟
The debate over the place of college sports in American culture began well before the Penn State child sex abuse scandal. As TIME's Sean Gregory has pointed out, big-time college teams are essentially professional franchises housed on college campuses, and calls for change have been growing. In August 2011, a former University of Miami football booster came clean to Yahoo! Sports about the eight years he spent providing players with booze, meals, prostitutes and entertainment. Then, in October, Pulitzer-prize winning author and civil rights historian Taylor Branch published a scathing indictment of the NCAA in Atlantic magazine titled, "The Shame of College Sports." Calling the NCAA a cartel, Branch made the case that college sports' governing body, while proclaiming amateurism its highest ideal, exploits athletes to the tune of hundreds of millions of dollars a year. If nothing else, perhaps the Penn State scandal — the largest, and some believe the biggest, in college sports — will change our values; it's certainly changed the conversation.
对美国文化中大学体育运动所处地位的争论在宾州性侵儿童丑闻案爆发前就由来已久了。如《时代周刊》的Sean Gregory指出的,大学体育强队实际上是隐藏在大学校园内的职业特权组织联盟,而要求对此进行改革的呼声也日益高涨。2011年八月,一位前美国迈阿密大学的橄榄球支持者对雅虎体育频道爆料说,他曾在长达八年的时间里为球员提供吃喝嫖娱等服务。然后在十月,曾获得普利策奖的作家兼民权方面的历史学家Taylor Branch在《大西洋月刊》上发表了一篇措辞尖锐的针对美国大学体育总会(NCAA)的檄文,文章标题为“大学体育界之耻。Branch在文中声讨说NCAA是一个垄断联盟,他还给出证据证明大学体育事务的管理机构一边声称保持大学体育运动的业余性质性是他们的最高宗旨,一边每年利用运动员们赚的钱却多达数亿美元。不出意外的话,此次的宾州性侵儿童丑闻案——大学体育界发生的最严重的事件,可能会改变我们的价值观。而这件事也确实对舆论发生了一些影响。
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