首先,我们来整理一下雅思议论文审题的思路。一般雅思议论文的题目都由两部分组成:背景 + 指令,前者决定了文章所写的内容,后者决定了论文的文体。如Some people believe that the charity organisations should give aid to those in greatest need, wherever they live. Some people believe that the charity organisations would better concentrate on helping people who live in own country instead. Discuss both views, and give your opinion. 背景涉及的是慈善援助问题,讨论是应该不顾地域限制,援助最需要救助的人?还是优先帮助本国人?指令则要求写一篇辩论型的文章。只有对题目的两个要求都作出准确的回应,在内容和文体上完美的结合,才能取得理想的分数。官方对于Task Achievement的9分规定就指出fully satisfies all the requirements of the task; clearly presents a fully developed response。
根据这一思路,满分路上的一大拦路虎就是审题,理解片面导致扣分。我们可以将其分成两种类型:
1、片面理解文章背景内容导致偏题
一些考生在不理解题意的时候最喜欢抓住题目的某几个字眼着力说明和描述,忽视了题目的整体立意,导致偏题。
① 不理解题目意思
以下面这道真题为例Today there is a great increase in anti-social behaviour and lack of respect to others. What are the causes of this? What measures can be taken to reduce this problem? 许多考生反映题目难以理解,这主要是源于对anti-social behaviour的定义不清,于是把重点放在了后半句lack of respect to others上,有人大书特书当今年轻人不尊重老年人,有人着重描写偷盗等极端犯罪行为,将原因归结为贫穷缺钱。尽管两者之间存在一定联系,但绝对不能将其片面地理解为诸如谩骂他人,不给老年人让座的狭隘例子。Anti-social behaviour is behaviour that lacks consideration for others and that may cause damage to society, whether intentionally or through negligence, as opposed to pro-social behaviour, behaviour that helps or benefits society . 这是在维基百科里给出的解释,包括校园暴力、公众场合醉酒、破坏公物等都在此范围内,以偏概全,再去分析产生的原因和解决方式,就很难达到对题目充分回应的要求。针对该点,建议考生应在备考时加强对雅思题目涉及范围的了解,平时对社会热点问题加以关注并熟悉其英语词汇,以免偏离主题。
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