五、并列平行结构
它表示意义上的并列或相似关系。表示并列关系的词语为and, similarly, like, just as, also, etc.
例一:A childs birthday party does not have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anacleria, an Evaston mother of two, aged 4 and 18 months.
分号前后为两个并列平行的分句,后一句意为生日聚会可以充满快乐、乐趣,我们可以推测hassle意为混乱。
例二:First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.
baffled 和beaten为并列平行关系,根据beaten可以推测出baffled意为难倒,使受挫,阻碍之意。
例三:John loves to talk, and his sisters are similarly loquacious.
根据and和similarly判定短语loves to talk 和loquacious.之间为同义比较,意为健谈的。
六、因果关系
它也是推测词义的一种重要方式。我们可以通过结果推测原因,亦可通过原因推测结果。
例句:The girl began to feel homesick because she had been away from her family for years.
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