浅谈对句法中成分不对应现象
在英语修辞上,对句法(parallelism)是一种行之有效的句子结构,不但可以使句子里的每个成分等量齐观,而且可以收到很好的传讯效益。
所谓对句法,就是同一个句子中的等立成分都要以相同的形式出现,使句式工整,内容一目了然。例如:
If you want to communicate well, you must learn to think logically, (to) organize your ideas coherently, and (to) express yourself explicitly.
很多人并没有根据这原则作文或写文章,结果句子虽然合乎语法,但句子成分不对应;这样的句子不能说错,但是也无可取之处。
下面三个长句中,都有对句法成分不对应之处,请大家辨认:
① This finely made pen is sturdy and will serve you well every day, whether at work, office or at home.
这句子中有三个副词短语,但中间那个有偏差,要改为in the office才能和at work及at home搭配。
② We are proud of the various changes... For example, the corporation of universities, the introduction of scholarships for bright students, the revamp in national examinations, and recently allowing bright students to progress according to their ability.
这句里举了四种变化,但是第四种变化中用的是动名词短语,有别于其他三种结构,使对句法发生偏差,所以非改不可:
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