在英语里,我们可以用两种方法转述人的话语。第一种是直接引语(The Direct Speech);第二种是间接引语(The Indirect Speech),也可叫The Reported Speech)。
从直接引语转变为间接引语是一种表达行式的改变,不影响原意。例如:
① a. He said, I am working now.
b. He said that he was working then.
② a. She asked me, Do you like to sing?
b. She asked me if I liked to sing.
③ a. Go out! the man said to the boy.
b. The man ordered the boy to go out.
①b, ②b, ③b是间接引语,其形式和①a, ②a, ③a不同。
间接引语是种常见的句法,用得很多。正因为用得多,出错的机会也多。下面便是些例子:
④ He said that he would come tomorrow.
这里的副词tomorrow要变成the next day。理由是:间接引语里的时间副词或短语, 一般上要把其中的时间向前推,如: tomorrow: the next day; today: that day; last night: the night before; now: then; ago: before that time 等。
⑤ I asked what is wrong with him.
这里的is要变成was。须知:主句I asked和分句 what is wrong with him的动词时态必须配合。既然主句的动词 asked是过去时态,分句的动词也要过去时态was。此外,动词时态一般上也要推前,因此简单过去时态(Simple Past Tense)要变成过去完成时态(Past Perfect Tense),如:went : had gone; left : had left.
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