A theory is presented and criticized.
A model is described and evaluated.
A result is reported and its importance explained.
A phenomenon is noted and its significance debated.
A hypothesis is introduced and contrary evidence presented.
23. According to the passage, which of the following features is characteristic of an El Nino?
Cold coastal water near Peru
Winds blowing from the west
Random occurrence
Worldwide effects
Short duration
24. According to the model presented in the passage, which of the following normally signals the disappearance of an El Nino?
The arrival in the eastern Pacific of negative sea-level Kelvin waves.
A shift in the direction of the winds produced by the start of an anti-El Nino elsewhere in the Pacific.
The reflection of Kelvin waves after they reach the eastern boundary of the Pacific, along Ecuador and Peru.
An increase in the speed at which negative Rossby waves cross the Pacific.
The creation of a reservoir of colder, deep ocean water trapped under the pile of warmer, surface ocean water.
25. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following would result fairly immediately from the cessation of the winds of an El Nino?
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