7) Euphemism：： It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant。For instance， we refer to die as pass away。

　　8) Metonymy ： It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another。For instance， the pen is mightier than the sword 。

　　9) Synecdoche ： It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole， or the whole for the part。For instance， they say theres bread and work for all。 She was dressed in silks。

　　10) Antonomasia ：It has also to do with substitution。 It is not often mentioned now， though it is still in frequent use。

　　For example， Solomon for a wise man。 Daniel for a wise and fair judge。 Judas for a traitor。

　　11) Pun ： It is a play on words， or rather a play on the form and meaning of words。

　　For instance， a cannon-ball took off his legs， so he laid down his arms。 (Here arms has two meanings： a persons body; weapons carried by a soldier.

　　以上的内容在写作中加以灵活的运用，必将为GRE写作部分增色不少。

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