The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were theSaint-Simonians. The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has,however, been less studied than the groups contribution to early socialism.This is regrettable on two counts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern ofSaint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents energy; hence, by ignoring itsfeminism, European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover,since many feminist ideas can be traced to saint-simonianism Europeanhistorians appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remainedlimited.
Saint-Simons followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on aninterpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute forcewith the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled togetherby a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. Thiscomplementarity reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did notreject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women,they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role forboth sexes in their utopia.
Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality basedon gender distinction. This minority believe that individuals of both sexeswere born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-femaledifferences to socialization and education. The envisioned result of bothcurrents of thought, however, was that women would enter public life in the newage and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with an improvedway of life.
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