Obedient to Rousseau, who always set him aflame, Mr Lvi-Strauss observed men fromafar. He never got too near or stayed too long in his rare stints of field-work, mostly in Brazilin the 1930s; he grasped only a few words of the languages, and avoided the hatefuldistractions of individual characters. In the bitter phrase of Jean-Paul Sartre, with whom hesparred for years, he preferred to view men like ants. He focused not on their differences buton the deep-lying patterns and systems in everything they did, until he could proclaim thatall tribal myths were reducible to one formula, and that all human thought, savage or not,was built up from binary opposites such as hot and cold, night and day, raw and cooked, goodand bad. Round these concepts whole societies, as well as stories, were organised.
列维-斯特劳斯是卢梭的忠实信徒,后者的思想经常让他热血沸腾,所以,斯特劳斯是用一种超然于物外的态度观察的人类。在他屈指可数的几次田野调查中,他从不和当地的族群走得太近,也不久留,所以土著语也说不了几句,并极力避免让可恶的个人性格特点干扰自己的研究。和他口上交锋多年的让-保罗萨特曾用辛辣的语言评价列维-斯特劳斯,说他喜欢把人类看成是一堆蚂蚁。斯特劳斯做观察时,会忽略掉族群间的差异,而是注重隐秘于所有行为下面共通的模式和系统,直到他可以将所有族群的神话都归到同一个方程式。除此之外,人类所有的思考无论是野蛮人的想法,还是文明人的思维都是一种二元对立结构,像冷和热、白天和黑夜、生食和熟食、好和坏。所有社会,无一例外,都是围绕这些对立的概念构建而成的,各种的神话故事就更不用说了。
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