At the federal level, mechanisms are in place to keep agents in check. In New York the NYPDhas to abide by the so-called Handschu guidelines, which are designed to keep the police frominvestigating a person or group solely because of politics or religion; they need somethingconcrete to go on. But the guidelines were relaxed after the 2001 attacks, and are anywayopen to broad interpretation. Faiza Patel of the Brennan Centre for Justice feels that anindependent oversight authority, like the inspector-general in Los Angeles, may beneeded.
事件上升到联邦的级别,机制的存在是为了让机构能够有效的运行。在纽约,警方的力量被那些所谓的Handschu规则所限制,这样的一种机制是专门为了阻止警方因为宗教和政治的原因去单独随意地调查一个人或者一个团体,而是需要一些具体的措施来跟进。但是这样的一些规则在2001年的恐怖袭击之后开始睁一只眼闭一只眼了,对涉及的一些问题给出了一些更宽泛的解释来作为一个所谓的掩饰。布鲁南司法中心的Faiza Patel认为一个像洛杉矶的综合监管机构那样的独立的监管机构是非常有存在的必要的。
The irony about this surveillance, says Eugene ODonnell of John Jay College of CriminalJusticea former policeman himselfis that it is alienating the very groups the NYPD need tokeep sweet in order to induce them to give information about extremists. This dragnetapproach was a recipe for trouble, he says.
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