The demographic picture looks different now that the baby-boomers are starting to retire. In1950 there were 7.2 people aged 20-64 for every person of 65 and more in the OECD. By 1980the ratio had dropped to 5.1. Now it is around 4.1, and by 2050 it will be just 2.1. In short,every couple will be supporting a pensioner.
但是现在情况有所不同,从统计图表来看,生育高峰期的一代人开始逐渐退休。1950年,在世界经济与合作组织成员国里,年龄在20-64岁间的人与65岁及65岁以上的老年人的比例为7.2。在1980 年,该比例降低为5.1,现在将近4.1,到2050年,这个数字仅仅是2.1。简单来说,就是每对夫妇需资助一位养老金领取人。
Europe and Japan are facing the biggest problems.The average dependency ratio in the EuropeanUnion is already down to 3.5, and is heading for 1.8by 2050. In Italy it is forecast to be nearly 1.5 andin Germany nearly 1.6 by then. Japan is on track fora startling 1.2. Since the average pensionercurrently draws a total of about 60% of medianearnings, from government and private sources, thesystem is likely to become unaffordable. In a sense,it does not matter how the benefits are paid for. Ifthey are unfunded, they come from workers taxes;if funded, they come from investment income. But the income has to be generated by someone.
欧洲和日本面临的形势最为严峻。欧洲国家的比例已经降至3.5,逐渐向2050年的1.8迈进。到那时,预计意大利的比例将接近1.5,德国将是1.6左右,日本更向惊人的1.2挺进。当前,养老金是政府和个人提供的,平均每位养老金领取者大约拿到中等收入个人60% 的薪资,养老体制很可能将承担不起。从某种意义上来说,问题并不在于如何缴纳养老金。如果没有筹措到资金,将由纳税人承担;如果筹措到资金,将由投资处承担,只是资金必须有人来提供。
【2015考研英语阅读看住钱包】相关文章:
最新
2016-10-18
2016-10-11
2016-10-11
2016-10-08
2016-09-30
2016-09-30