But, within the US, the company has scanned both in-copyright and out-of-copyright works. ⑤In its defence, Google points out that it displays only snippets of books that are in copyright - arguing that such displays are fair use. But critics allege that by making electronic copies of these books without first seeking the permission of copyright holders, Google has committed piracy.
The key principle of copyright law has always been that works can be copied only once authors have expressly given their permission, says Piers Blofeld, of the Sheil Land literary agency in London. Google has reversed this - it has simply copied all these works without bothering to ask.
In 2005, the Authors Guild of America, together with a group of US publishers and publishers, ⑥launched a class action suit against Google that, after more than two years of wrangling, ended with an announcement last October that Google and the claimants had reached an out-of-court settlement. The full details are staggeringly complicated - the text alone runs to 385 pages - and trying to summarise it is no easy task. Part of the problem is that it is basically incomprehensible, says Blofeld, one of the settlements most vocal British critics.
Broadly, the deal provides a mechanism for Google to reimburse authors and publishers whose rights it has breached . In exchange for this, the rights holders agree not to sue Google in future.
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