归纳
归纳是一种由特殊到一般的概括,从阅读理解角度说,所谓个别即具体细节,所谓一般即章节段落的大意或主题,归纳是由特殊细节推向一般主题的概括过程。
我们可以借助词的上下义关系来领会掌握并运用归纳这一方法。
句子的归纳
A) Microwave ovens have eliminated many of the inconveniences previously associated with the preparation of meals.
B) Many foods can go directly from the freezer to the microwave oven without being defrosted.
C) Many microwave ovens can be pre-set to cook food while you are away from the kitchen.
D) The microwave oven has greatly reduced the amount of time it takes to cook a meal.
题中四句话都提到微波炉的好处,其中B、C、D
分别从方便、解冻、定时三个不同的方面具体讲述微波炉不同于传统炊具的优势,而A则从整体上覆盖了上述三句的内容,故A是对B、C、D的概括,上述分析、寻找最具概括意义之选项的过程即为归纳过程。推而广之,我们可用之于段落和短文主题的归纳。
段落大意的归纳
Although most universities in the United States are run on a semester system, which offers classes in the fall and spring, some schools observe a quarter system comprised of fall, winter, spring, and summer quarters. The academic year, September to June, is divided into three quarters of eleven weeks each beginning in September, January, and March, the summer quarter, June to August is composed of shorter sessions of varying length. Students may take advantage of the opportunity to study year around by enrolling in all four quarters, Most students begin their programs in the fall quarter, but they may enter at the beginning of any of the other
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