②对作者意图、主题思想的推理。
考生可以利用确定中心思想的方法先确定短文的主题和大意,然后分析句子之间的关系,在全面理解原文的基础上,推测出作者的写作意图和目的。
③对数字的推断
考生要先在短文中找出问题所涉及的数字和文字,然后根据题目要求对各数字进行推算。考生应注意,有的题目只要求找出相关的数字,有些题目则要做简单的计算。
④对文中细节的推断。
作者为了说明一个主题或者观点,肯定会做出一系列论述或解释,采用方式可能是举例、论证、摆事实或讲道理、提出问题或者指出事件的原因等。这种题型常常集中对文章中某一点或几点、某一方面或几方面、某一部分或几部分提出问题。回答这类问题时,考生应首先仔细阅读原文以确定推理依据的范围,然后按题意进行推断。
例文:
The early settlers in the Massachusetts Bay Colony and in Virginia were drawn largely from the rural areas of England. Few actual paupers and few of the really rich were among them. Nevertheless, exclusively members of what today would be described as the rural middle -class did not people the colonists. Many settlers were so poor that they paid for passage across the Atlantic by selling their freedom for a given number of years; poverty forced others to leave their native lands for the New World against their will.
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