1864年夏,新斯科舍的沿海殖民地,爱德华太子岛和纽芬兰计划召开会议讨论建立关税联盟或自由贸易区的可能性,以弥补最近在与英国和美国贸易关系上遭到的损失。麦克唐纳设法得到许可让联合加拿大的一些代表作为观察员出席。多年来,联合加拿大都面临着政治僵局的难题。加拿大西部以说英语为主,而东部则以说法语为主。1841年成立的中央政府,则要求一切法案成为法律之前,要得到加拿大西部和加拿大东部的多数同意。在两种对立观点争论不休,法律草案一再被否决的情况下,要通过重要的法案非常困难。加拿大人认识到一个更为广泛的新型的联盟,一种可能的新型国家制度或中央政府,可以作为避免这种时常发生的政治混乱的一个可行的解决办法。
The Canadian delegates sailed on board a cruise ship down the St. Lawrence River, into the Gulf of St. Lawrence, to Charlottetown on Prince Edward
Island. This convention expanded to discussions of the possibility of all the British colonies uniting into one nation.
加拿大的代表们乘坐一艘游船沿劳伦斯河航行到劳伦斯湾,抵达爱德华太子岛的夏洛特敦。在那里,大会广泛讨论了联合所有英属殖民地建立一个国家的可能性。
After much complicated debate at another convention in Quebec City that same year, the delegate submitted a draft of an agreement for the formation of the dominion of Canada. The bulk of the work had been done by a group of men of seemingly high virtue, who became know in history as the Fathers of Confederation. United Canada was divided into the provinces of Ontario and Quebec. Some allowances were given to Quebec because it was a predominantly French-speaking Catholic province and had special needs, unlike other provinces. The colony of Nova Scotia was divided into Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. These four provinces formed the original new nation. A flexible approach, in later years, persuaded other colonies to join.
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