Cold vs. Hot Decision-Making “冷静”和“冲动”决策 Another experimental tool, called the Columbia Card Task, enabled researchers to discover that teens arent always the dangerous risk-takers they are believed to be. The task presents subjects with a computer image of several rows of cards face down. They earn money by turning over a winning card with a smiley face, but they lose a lot of money if they turn over a losing card with a frowning face. A cold version of the task invites calm, rational decision-making by having participants decide all at once how many cards to turn over. A hot version arouses more tension and emotion by requiring subjects to turn cards over one by one. 另一项名为哥伦比亚卡片任务(Columbia Card Task)的试验工具令研究人员发现,青少年并不像大家通常认为的那样总是不计后果的冒失鬼。这项任务的每位测试对象都会看到一个电脑画面,画面上排列着几排全部正面朝下的卡片。当测试对象翻过画着笑脸的得分卡时便可以赢钱,但当他们翻过画着皱眉脸的失分卡时就会输掉很多钱。这项任务的“冷静”版本需要测试对象运用镇定、理性的决策方式立即决定他们想要翻过多少张卡片。而这项任务的“冲动”版本则要求测试对象一张一张的翻过卡片,令测试过程更加紧张、刺激。 The tasks creator, Bernd Figner, an assistant psychology professor at Radboud University in the Netherlands, likens the cold version of the test to making a single decision about car-insurance policies with varying deductibles and coverage limits. The hot version is like going out to a bar for a drink, then deciding with each new round whether to have another, he says. In the hot state, people are more likely to do risky things they will later regret. 这项任务的创造者是贝恩德·菲戈内(Bernd Figner),他是荷兰内梅亨大学(Radboud University)的心理学助理教授。菲戈内把“冷静”版本的任务比作根据不同的免赔金额和覆盖范围,做出一个关于汽车保险的决定。而“冲动”版本就像去酒吧喝酒,在一轮酒刚倒上的时候就决定跟不跟着喝下一轮,他说。“在冲动状态下,人们更经常做以后会后悔的冒失事儿。” Teens take plenty of risks during the hot version of the task, Dr. Figners research shows. But even a reckless teenager becomes sober as a judge during the cold version of the task in a laboratory. Helping teens understand how emotions can affect their choices -- for instance when theyre feeling peer pressure or the pull of a strong temptation during a night out -- could help reduce risk-taking. 菲戈内的研究表明,青少年在执行“冲动”版本的任务时常常铤而走险。但是,当在实验室中执行“冷静”版本的任务时,即使是最鲁莽的青少年都会变得像法官一样冷静。帮助青少年了解情绪怎样影响他们的行为选择─比如在感觉到来自同伴的压力或者晚上外出情绪激动时─可以帮助他们减少冒险举动。
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