A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get people’s attention.

　　A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today’s world.

　　64. What probably led to the start of advertisement?

　　A. The discovery of iron.

　　B. The development of farming techniques.

　　C. The specialization of labor.

　　D. The appearance of new jobs.

　　65. The writer makes up the two stories of Mr. Fielder and Mr. Plowright in order to __________.

　　A. explain the origin of advertising

　　B. predict the future of advertising

　　C. provide suggestions for advertising

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