unable-or unwilling-to "play the game."

　　"People assume that office politics involves some manipulative(有心计的)

　　behavior," says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Holster

　　College. "But "politics" derives "P" from the word 6polite'. It can mean lobbying and

　　forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please

　　your superior, and then expecting something in return."

　　In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior used to pursue

　　one's own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some form of

　　socializing within the office environment-not just in large companies, but in small

　　workplaces as well.

　　"The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a

　　consistent basis," says Neil P Lewis, a management psychologist. "But if two or

　　three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability,

　　a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. It's simple human

　　nature."

　　Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the

　　concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of

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