①be up against面对,对抗
up against difficulties面临困难
②refer to sth/sb as认为某人某物…
refer
vt., vi. (-rr-)(常与to 连用)涉及;提到;查资料;参考;针对;有关;提交;交付
The new law does not refer to farm land. 新法律与耕地无关。
The shop referred the complaint to the manufacturers.商店把投诉转交给制造商。
习惯用语
refer oneself to依赖, 求助于
refer to提到, 谈到, 涉及
参考, 查阅
向...打听[查询]
认为与...有关, 认为...起源于...
refer to sb. [sth.] as称某人[物]为
③run out用尽,用完(= become used up)其主语通常为时间、食物以及金钱等名词。
His money soon ran out.他的钱不久就用光了。
拓展
run out of用完了,表示主动含义,主语一般是人。
He is always running out of money before pay day.他总是在发工资前就用光了钱。
表示“用光、用尽”的还有:use up,give out
All those I had are used up.我所有的都用光了。
They have used up their money.他们用光了钱。
The fuel gave out.燃料用光了。
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