第三步:从句功能分析。
找出句中从句的引导词,分析从句类型(是否为定语从句、名词性从句或状语从句等)和从句之间及从句和主句之间的关系。
例句:Whereas a woman's closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage,it wasn't unusual to hear a man say he didn't know his friend's marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa. 分析:whereas引导了一个从句,即 a woman's closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, 而it wasn't unusual to hear a…if he could sleep on the sofa.为主句,其中it为形式主语,真正的主语为不定式 to hear a man…。省略to的不定式say作宾语补足语,say后面接了一个宾语从句he didn't know,know后面又接了一个宾语从句his friend's marriage was in serious trouble和时间状语从句until he appeared one night,现在分词短语asking 作伴随状语,asking 后面又接了一个宾语从句if he could sleep on the sofa。 句意:一个女人最亲密的女友,很可能第一个奉劝她结束不幸的婚姻。然而,我们常听到男人说,他是在朋友突然来到自己家里并要求睡在沙发上时,才明白朋友的婚姻有了麻烦。
第四步:短语功能分析。
找出非谓语动词短语、介词短语、形容词短语、名词短语等短语,分析其功能以及它们与谓语动词/非谓语动词/从句/主句之间的关系等。
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