C. prevented from advancing

　　D. made to fall behind other students

　　答案：

　　Passage 5

　　When we think about people who arc leaders, we often get a mental picture of someone who is older, smarter, and wiser than ourselves.

　　Studies of leadership,

　　though,

　　have usually found that there is almost no relationship between skill as a leader and traditional measures of intelligence.

　　Some recent research by psychologist Red Fiedle and his colleagues showed that both intelligence and experience may be important

　　but just now how important depends upon how stressful the work situation is and what kind of task is to be ac- complished. The researchers obtained measures of intelligence, experience, performance, and stress.

　　Overall, these variables did not relate to one another. Men with high and low intelligence were equally likely to give good performance, as were men with more and less experience, or more and less stress with their bosses.

　　Howevcr, when you look separately at those men who have high stress with their bosses, thc picture changes.

　　In high stress situations, there was no association between intelligence and performance, but there was between experience and performance. In other words, in difficuh situations, it was helpful to "know the ropes". In low stress situations, the find ings were just the opposite. Experience was not related to good performance, but intelligence was.

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