The water temperature of the Pacific varies from freezing at the poles to about 300C near the equator. Its salinity (盐分) also varies from place to place. The water near the equator is less salty because of the rainfall there, but at the poles salinity is also low, because little evaporation (蒸发) takes place in the cold water of these areas.

　　The exploitation (开采) of the Pacific’s mineral wealth is difficult in its deeper parts. However, in the shallow waters of the continental shelves off the coasts of Australia and New Zealand, oil and natural gas are exploited, and pearls are harvested along the coasts of Australia, Japan, Nicaragua and the Philippines.

　　The Pacific’s greatest wealth is its fish, but the fishing industry has been harmed greatly by marine pollution. The biggest harm comes from rivers that carry into the Ocean many chemicals used as fertilizers in agriculture, as well as waste. These days many countries are coming together to try to protect the Ocean.

　　1. Ferdinand Magellan gave the Ocean its name because he________.

　　A. expected to live a peaceful life

　　B．hoped there would be no more wars

　　C．came upon no serious storms while crossing it

　　D．expected to stay safe and healthy there

　　2. From the passage, what do we know about the Pacific Ocean?

　　A．It contains about 32% of the Earth’s surface water.

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