2. 分词的句法功能
(1) 作定语
Mike held a burning stick and Tom carried a gun. (The stick was burning.)
How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods and fields(=that had been wasted …)!
Asia is the largest continent, covering one third of the earth's land area (=which covers …).
分词短语作定语有时和它所修饰的名词或代词发生分隔开来的现象。
There is a notice on the blackboard reading “An examination will be given next week. (=which reads…)”
(2) 作表语
We were excited at the news.
His shoes were old and worn.
(3) 作补语
包括宾语补足语和主语补足语。常用于see, leave, watch, hear, feel, find, have, keep等动词之后以及with复合结构中。
I saw Tom coming out of the house.
No tricky words would move him. He kept his mouth tightly closed.
We mustn't leave the work unfinished.
He stood for some time with his hand still raised.
(4) 作状语
分词作状语常表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随或结果、附加说明等。
Reading the letter, I couldn't help thinking of my school life. (时间状语)
Being ill, I didn't go to school yesterday. (原因状语)
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