(2)may, might后接完成式的用法 ①表示对过去某事的推测,认为某一件事情在过去可能发生了。如果使用might,语气就比较婉转或更加不肯定,如:Mary might have learned some Chinese before. ②可以表示过去本来可以做到而实 际没有做到的事情,有“劝告”或“责备”的语气,如:You didn't do the work well that day. You might have done it better.
(3)must后接完成式的用法:表示对过去某事的推测,认为某事在过去一定做到 了,如:Liu Dong isn’t in the classroom. He must have gone to the library. 5、have to 的基本用法:have to和must的意义相近,只是 must侧重表示说话人的主观看法,而have to 则表示客观需要,如:I must study hard. I had to give it up because of illness. 6、ought to的基本用法 (l)表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事,语气比should强,例如:Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations. (2)表示推测,注意与must表示推测时的区别:He must be home by now .(断定他已到家),He ought to be home by now .(不十分肯定),This is where the oil must be.(比较直率) ,This is where the oil ought to be. (比较含蓄) ;(3)“ought + have+ 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而 实际未做。例如:You ought to have helped him. (but you didn’t) 这时,ought与 should可以互相换用。注意,在美国英语中ought to 用于否定和疑问句时to可以省略。例如:Ought you smoke so much? You oughtn’t smoke so much. 7、dare的基本用法 (l)dare (dared为其过去式) 作情态动词用时,主要用于否定句,疑问句和条件从句中,如:Dared he bread the traffic regulations again? (2)在现代英语中dare常用作行为动词,其变化与一般行为动词相同,如:She dares to stay at home alone at night. 8、need的基本用法 (1)need作情态动词用时,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,如:He needn't worry about us now. (2)need也可作为行为动词用,可用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句中,其后可接名词、代词、动名词或带 to 的动词不定式为其宾语。如:You need to practise reading aloud every day. (3)needn't后接完成式可以表示过去做了一件本来不必要做的事情,如:---- Did you answer the letter yesterday? ---- Yes, I did. ---- But you needn’t have answered it. 9、shall的基本用法 (1)shall用作情态动词时,用于第二、三人称,表示说活人的意愿,可表示“命令”、“警告”、“强制”、“威胁”或“允诺”等意,如:He shall go first, whether he wants to or not. (2)在疑问句中,shall用于第一、三人称,表示说话人的征询对方意见或请求指示,如:Shall I open the door? 10、should的基本用法 (1)should作为情态动词可以表示“建议”或“劝告”,有“应该”之意,如:You should learn from each other. (2)should后接完成式表示过去没有做到本来应该做的事情,或是做了本来不应该做的事情。如:You should have give him more help. 11、will的基本用法 (1)用于各人称,可以表示“意志”或“决心”,如:I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen. (2)在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿,如:Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium? (3)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作,有“总是”或“会要”之意,如:Every morning he will have a walk along this river. 12、would的基本用法 (1)would作为will的过去式,可用于各人称,表示过去时间的“意志”或“决心”,如:He promised he would never smoke again.
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