The ink-stick is a unique pigment used for Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy. The most famous ink-stick is hui mo (Anhui ink stick), made from pines that grow on Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province. Clean water is needed to grind the ink-stick. Press the ink-stick hard and rub it lightly, slowly and evenly against the ink slab to make thick, liquid-ink.

　　While paper comes in many varieties, Xuan paper, produced in Xuanzhou (today’s Anhui Province), is considered the best for Chinese calligraphy. The paper is soft and fine textured, suitable for conveying the artistic expression of both Chinese calligraphy and painting. With a good tensile strength and moth-proof quality, the paper can be preserved for a long time.

　　Ink-stones or ink-slabs have been classified into three categories: Duan, she and Tao. Features common to all three are hardness and fineness. Although the stone is hard and fine, it is not dry or slippery. Using a hard and smooth stone, liquid ink can be produced easily by rubbing the ink-stick against the stone.

　　By handling the brush and ink skillfully and carefully, the artist can produce an infinite variety of calligraphic styles and forms.

　　(71)_______of Chinese characters Seal scrip (zhuan shu) Calligraphy is both theoretical and

　　(73)______. Wang Xizhi, Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhengqing, and Liu Gongquan are well-known as (74)_______ for their own styles in calligraphy.

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