“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 1.在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The person to whom you’ll write is Mr Ball. The old man was talking with Mr Smith,in whose hospital I was operated on. 2.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词及名词、数词。 He has two sons,both of whom were killed in the war. I live in a house,the window of which faces the south. -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 3.“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择可根据定语从句中谓语动词和介词的习惯搭配、先行词和介词的习惯搭配来确定,有时也需要结合句意。 In the street there wasn’t any person to whom she could turn for help. The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person. -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 4.“复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句中,定语从句常和先行词用逗号分开,定语从句常用倒装语序。 He lives in a big house,in front of which stands a tall apple tree. 注意:在一些固定搭配的动词短语中,由于动词和介词不能分割,因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。 This is the book(which/that) I’m looking for. 不可以说:This is the book for which I’m looking. 5.from where 虽为“介词+关系副词”结构,但也可引导定语从句,where往往指代前面表示具体位置的介词短语。 He stood on top of the hill,from where he could see the whole village.(where指代on top of the hill,指的是“从山顶那个地方看”,而不是指“山”) -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 考点六 定语从句与其他句型的区别 1.定语从句与同位语从句的区别。二者都跟在名词后面,区别是:定语从句修饰先行词,是对其进行修饰限定;同位语从句则是对前面名词的解释说明,是其内容。同位语从句前的名词常为抽象名词,如:idea,fact,truth,evidence,news,thought。同位语从句主要由that引导,在从句中不作成分,有时也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导,在从句中充当成分。 The news that our team won made us excited.(our team won是news的内容,that不充当从句的成分,为同位语从句。可理解为:The news was that our team won.) The news that he told me was exciting.(he told me 缺少一个直接宾语,由that充当,故为定语从句。不能将其理解为:The news was that he told me.) -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 2.定语从句与并列句和简单句的区别。区别的关键是看标点和连接词。 Our class has sixty students,most of whom study hard.(逗号后为另一个句子,两个句子之间要用连接代词whom,为定语从句) Our class has sixty students,and most of them study hard.(逗号后为另一个句子,且已经有并列连词and,故用them即可,为并列句) Our class has sixty students.Most of them study hard.(两句之间为句号,代表两个独立的简单句,故不需要连接词) -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 3.定语从句与状语从句的区别。定语从句前面必有先行词,而状语从句(如时间状语从句和地点状语从句)则是作整个句子的状语,前面没有先行词。 Do you know the time when he will come back?(定语从句,前面有先行词time) I will go shopping when he comes back.(时间状语从句,表示主句动作发生的时间,前面没有先行词) Put the book where it belongs.(地点状语从句,指的是“放书”的地点,前面无先行词,因此不能用to which) Put the book in the place where it belongs.(定语从句,前面有先行词place) -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 4.定语从句与强调句的区别。当it is/was后出现表示地点或时间的名词时,其后所接的从句是定语从句还是强调句,要看将it is/was和that(可以先假设)去掉之后句式是否完整(不缺少成分),若句式完整则为强调句。 It was Sunday when he came back.(定语从句) It was on Sunday that he came back.(强调句式,强调的是时间状语on Sunday,去掉It was和that后句式完整) -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 考点七
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