2017届高考英语牛津版一轮复习语法考点专练课件：1 动词的时态和语态_高考复习指南

2017届高考英语牛津版一轮复习语法考点专练课件：1 动词的时态和语态

　　现在过去将来过去将来一般一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时进行现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时过去将来进行时完成现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时过去将来完成时完成进行现在完成进行时过去完成进行时将来完成进行时过去将来完成进行时知识清单二　动词时态的基本用法一、一般体 (一)一般体中的一般现在时、一般过去时分别表示现在、过去的经常性、习惯性动作或状态。所谓一般体,表示既不“进行”,又不“完成”。如: We have meals three times a day. 我们一日吃三餐。(现在的习惯) He is always ready to help others. 他总是乐于助人。(现在的状态) When I was a boy,I often went to play in that park. 我小时候常去那个公园玩。(过去的习惯) (二)一般现在时还可表示客观真理、科学事实。如: The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。 (三)一般现在时还可用在if,unless引导的条件状语从句中,由when,before,until/ till,as soon as,the moment,once引导的时间状语从句中,由no matter what/who/ which/when/where/how或whatever,whoever,whichever,whenever,wherever,how- ever引导的让步状语从句中,表示将来的动作或状态。如: I'll go with you as soon as I finish my work. 我一完成工作就跟你走。 If city noises are not kept from increasing,people will have to shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. 如果不阻止城市噪音继续增加的话,20年后,人们同在饭桌旁也得大喊着才能被听到。 Whatever you say,I will not change my mind. 无论你说什么,我都不会改变主意。 (四)语境中的一般过去时,往往表示“刚才,在过去”之意,暗示现在已“不再这样”。如: —Come in,Peter.I want to show you something. —Oh,how nice of you!I never thought you were going to bring me a gift. ——彼得,进来。我想给你看点东西。 ——噢,你真是太好了!我从没想过你会给我礼物。 Your phone number again?I didn't quite catch it. 再说一遍你的电话号码好吗?我刚才没听清。 1.“will+动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态;或表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势。如: Tom will come back next week.汤姆下周回来。 Fish will die without water.离开水,鱼就会死。 2.“be going to+动词原形”多用在口语中,表示“计划、打算要做某事”,此外,be going to还可表示根据现在的迹象,对未来进行推断。如: He is going to speak on TV this evening. 他今晚要在电视上讲话。 Look at the dark clouds.It is going to rain. 看这乌云,要下雨了。 (五)一般将来时的用法 3.“be about to+动词原形”表示“立即的将来(immediate future)”,该结构一般不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用,但可以和并列连词when引导的分句连用。如: The train is about to start.火车就要开了。 4.有些动词如come,go,arrive,leave,begin,start等,其一般现在时、现在进行时均可表示按计划、安排将来要发生的动作或状态。如: He comes here tonight.今晚他打算来这儿。 I arrive in Beijing at 3:00 p.m.tomorrow. 我明天下午3点到北京。 They are leaving for Beijing.他们即将前往北京。 (1)表示“按计划或安排要做的事”。如: She is to be married next month.她将于下个月结婚。 The Queen is to visit Japan in a week's time. 女王将于一周后访问日本。注意:这种结构也可用于过去时。was/were to do sth.表示曾经计划要做的事, 但不表明计划是否被执行,或表示“命中注定要发生的事”,而非计划;was/ were to have done sth.表示未曾实现的计划。如: I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time.我感到很紧张, 因为我很快就要首次离开家了。 They said goodbye,little knowing that they were never to meet again.他们告别了, 不知道以后再也不会见面了。 5.be to+动词原形 We were to have told you,but you were not in. 我们本来想告诉你的,但是你不在家。 (2)表示“应该”,相当于should/ought to+动词原形。如: You are to report it to the police.你应该报警。 What is to be done?应该怎么办呢? (3)表示“想,打算”,相当于intend/want to+动词原形。如: If we are to be there before ten,we'll have to go now. 如果我们要在10点前到那儿,我们现在就得走。 (4)用于第一人称疑问句,表示征求对方意见。如: Am I to go on with the work?我要继续完成这项工作吗? What are we to do next?我们下一步做什么? (5)用于否定句,表示“禁止”,相当于mustn't+动词原形。如: The books in this room are not to be taken outside. 这个房间里的书不得带出去。 You are not to smoke in the reading room. 你不可以在阅览室里吸烟。 (6)表示“可以,可能”,相当于may/can+动词原形。如: The news is to be found in the evening paper. 这条消息可以在晚报上看到。 Such people are to be found everywhere.这种人到处都有。 She is nowhere to be found.在哪里也找不到她。 (7)were to do sth.用于if或even if/even though从句中,表示对未来的假设。如: If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.如果明天下雨,运动会就会延期。 Even if the sun were to rise in the west,I would never do such a thing.即使太阳从西边出来,我也决不做这种事。二、进行体 (一)一个长动作作为背景,被一个短动作打断,长动作往往用进行体,短动作用一般体。如: My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我弟弟骑自行车时摔倒了,伤了自己。 The students were writing carefully when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office. 同学们在认真地写作,这时布朗老师去取她忘在办公室的一本书。 Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking. 当没人注意的时候,汤姆溜进了房子。 The reporter said that the UFO was traveling east to west when he saw it. 那位记者说,当他看到那个不明飞行物时,它正在自东向西飞行。 (二)表示动作的未完性、暂时性。如: —Have you moved into the new house? —Not yet.The rooms are being painted. ——你搬进新房了吗? ——还没呢。房间还在粉刷呢。(未完性) I don ’ t really work here;I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. 我不在这里上班,我只是来帮忙,直到新秘书来了(我就走)。(暂时性) Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly. 选一款手机供个人使用不是一件容易的事,因为技术变化太快。(“变化”尚未完成) (三)表示计划、安排要做的事。如: I've won a holiday for two days to Florida.I am taking my mum. 我获得了一次去佛罗里达度假两天的机会。我计划带着我妈妈去。 (四)表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。如: I first met Lily 3 years ago.She was working at a clothes shop then. 3年前我第一次遇到了莉莉,当时她正在一家服装店工作。 —Is this coat yours? —No,mine is hanging there behind the door. ——这是你的外套吗? ——不是,我的在门后挂着呢。 (五)表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作,往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等感情,常与always、continually、constantly等连用。如: He is always thinking of others first.他总是先想到他人。 He is always making the same mistake.他总是犯同样的错误。 (六)有些动词的进行体可以表示将来。(见一般将来时的用法部分) 1.表示一个动作开始于过去,持续到现在(也许还将持续下去)。表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的时间状语有:lately,recently,in the last/past few days /years(在过去的几天/年里),since then,up to now,so far(至今)等。如: In the past few years,great changes have taken place in my hometown. 在过去的几年里,我的家乡发生了巨大变化。 He has written 8 books so far. 到现在为止,他已经写了8本书。 2.表示发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响,注意这时说话者说话的重心在过去的事情对现在产生的影响上。常用的状语有already,just(刚刚),yet,never,be- fore 等。如: He has turned off the light.(=The light is off now.) 三、完成体 (一)现在完成时他关掉灯了。 The concert has started.(=The concert is on now.) 音乐会已经开始了。 I have already seen the film.(=I know the film now.) 我看过那部电影了。 3.This/It is the first/second...time+that 从句。that 从句的谓语要用现在完成时。如: This is the first time(that)I have come here. 这是我第一次来这里。 4.在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时间以前已完成的动作。如: I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes. 除非我亲眼看到,否则我不会相信你的。(强调“看完”) I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work. 我干完了工作就和你一起去。(强调“干完”) 5.瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词、终止性动词。瞬间动词可以用于完成时态,但不可以接表示一段时间的状语,若要接表示一段时间的状语,需要做一些相应的变换。瞬间动词的否定式可以接表示一段时间的状语。如: (✕)He has come to Beijing since last year. (√)He has lived in Beijing since last year. (✕)He has joined the army for 3 years. (√)He has served in the army for 3 years. (√)He joined the army 3 years ago. (√)He has been a soldier for 3 years. (√)It is 3 years since he joined the army. (√)He has joined the army. 常见的瞬间动词或词组有:come,go,get to/reach/arrive at/in,leave,buy,sell,open, close,get up,join/take part in,begin/start,return/give,borrow/lend,become/turn, bring/take,die,finish/end,receive/hear from,marry,break,lose,jump 等。 (二)过去完成时 1.一件事情发生在过去,而另外一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”), 那么发生在前的事情的动词需用过去完成时。时间状语可用before...等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可通过上下文来表示。如: She had learned some English before she came to the institute. 她在来学院前已学过一些英语。 He said that he had been abroad for 3 years. 他说他在国外待了3年了。 2.表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作,常用的时间状语有:by then,by that time,until then,by the end of 2010,before 2000,by the time +过去时的句子等。如: By then he had learned English for 3 years. 到那时,他已学了3年英语了。 Until then he had known nothing about it yet. 到那时为止,他对此仍一无所知。 3.在Hardly/Scarcely/Barely...when...和No sooner...than...句型中,when和than 从句里用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时,且用倒装,表示“刚刚……就……”。如: No sooner had I got home than the rain poured down.我刚到家,大雨就倾盆而下。 Hardly had we started when the car got a flat tyre. 我们才刚刚开动,汽车的轮胎就瘪了。 4.It was/had been+一段时间+since 从句。since 从句的谓语用过去完成时。如: It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 我们10年没这么高兴了。 5.That/It was the first/second...time+that 从句。that 从句的谓语要用过去完成时。如: It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake. 这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。 That was the first time that I had passed the exam. 那是我第一次考试及格。 6.表示愿望、打算一类的词,如:hope,expect,mean,intend,want,think,suppose 等, 其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。如: I had hoped to see more of Shanghai. 我本希望在上海多看看。(但未能如愿) I had meant to help you,but I was too busy at that moment. 我本想帮你的,但当时我太忙了。 I had thought you would come the next day. 我原以为你第二天才来呢。 (三)将来完成时