3．________

　　Nigg's Answer: A shoe may act as a training device, making some muscles function more effectively for a majority of users. Or it may use materials that last longer. That may have something to do with its price. However, for the average runner, it is difficult to distinguish between actual functional designs and unnecessary features. Generally, the more a shoe controls movement, the more it acts like a cast, which means you have some muscles that don't work any more. This may mean that you lose some muscle strength, and your feet are more likely to be injured.

　　4．________

　　Nigg's Answer：There are claims that there are fewer injuries when you run barefoot, but there is not yet enough evidence, or enough research, to prove that. If you look at performance, most papers suggest an advantage of 3 to 4 per cent. With a few exceptions—Abebe Bikila in 1960 and Zola Budd in the 1980s—people don't run barefoot, so it may be that it's not an advantage, or it may be that we're just not used to it.

　　5．________

　　Nigg's Answer: Yes, for about 80 per cent of people. The major benefits are training the small muscles crossing the ankle joint, and a reduction of knee and lower back pain. However, some claims for these unstable shoes are overstated, such as the general muscle strengthening that they are claimed to produce.

　　专题限时训练(二十四)　BACDF　ECBFA　CEFAD　DACEF

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