一、考点知识归纳 考点一 倒装句 英语中的倒装句分为两种,一种是完全倒装句,另外一种是部分倒装句,这主要是由句首的词决定的。抓住句子中的关键词汇是解答该题目的关键。如句中的not until, not only, little等,只要抓住这些,问题也就迎刃而解了。
1.完全倒装 谓语动词完全位于主语之前的句子,叫完全倒装句。这类句型主要有: (1)There be+主语+...,此结构中的be有时用stand/exist/lie/ flow/seem等不及物动词代替。如: There seems to be something wrong with the machine. 机器好像出了点问题。
(2)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语,如here, there, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the way等,置于句首。如: Out rushed the children. 孩子们冲了出去。 South of the river lies a small factory. 一个小型工厂坐落在河的南岸。 (3)such置于句首时。如: Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century's greatest scientist. 这就是艾伯特·爱因斯坦,一个简单的人,也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。 Such are the facts, no one can deny them. 这就是事实,没有人能否认他们。 此句型中的such多被认为是表语。所以,such后的be动词应与其后的“真正的主语”保持一致。 2.部分倒装 只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子,叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有: (1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且放在句首时。如: Trevor sat in the dark. Only then did I realise how unhappy he was. 特雷弗坐在黑暗里。直到那时我才意识到他是多么不快乐。 Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有以这种方法,我们才能学好英语。 提示:①如果谓语部分无助动词或情态动词,则必须借助动词来构成倒装句,其变化类似于变一般疑问句。如: Only after the war learned he the sad news.(×) Only after the war did he learn the sad news. (√) ②only修饰状语从句时,从句不倒装。如: Only when did he return did we find out the truth.(×) Only when he returned did we find out the truth. (√) ③only修饰主语时,句子不倒装。如: Only can he answer the question. (×) Only he can answer the question. (√) (2)not only...but also引导并列分句,且not only放于句首时,not only引导的句子倒装,but (also)句子不倒装。如: Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it. 不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助,而且也要给那些需要的人提供医疗。 提示:此句型也可写成Not only...but...或Not only...but...as well的形式,但but(also)引导的句子不倒装,必须用正常语序。 (3)否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时。如: Never before have I seen such a moving film. 以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。 Not a single mistake did he make. 他一个错误也没犯过。 Hardly do I think it possible to finish the job before dark. 在天黑之前完成这项工作我认为几乎不可能。 (4)so/such...that..句型,so/such放于句首时。如: In such a hurry did he leave the office that he forgot to lock the door. 他离开办公室时太匆忙了,结果忘了锁门。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 他说英语如此清晰,他总能被听懂。 提示:在此句型中,that从句不倒装。 (5)not...until...句型的倒装。如: We didn't have supper until he returned.→ Not until he returned did we have supper. 直到他回来我们才吃晚饭。 提示:until从句不倒装,只是主句需要倒装。 (6)so+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语;……也是如此。如: They love having lots of friends, so do those with disabilities. 他们喜欢交很多朋友,那些有残疾的也是如此。 提示:①此句型也可写成“it is the same with...”或“so it is with...”。如: They love having lots of friends, it is the same with those with disabilities/so it is with those with disabilities. ②如果句意不是“……也是如此”,而只是对前面内容的肯定或附和(此时的so=indeed),那么,句子不可使用倒装式。试比较: —I was afraid. (句中的I指的是说话者A) —So was I. (I指的是B,此句意为:I was afraid, too.) —I was afraid. (I指的是A) —So you were. (you指的也是A。此句意为:Indeed you were afraid.)
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