2.whether和if的用法。 (1)whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。 It all depends on whether they will come back. (2)后面直接跟or not 时用whether。 I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan. (3)主语从句、表语从句中只能用whether。 Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet. The question is whether they have so much money. (4)whether可以引导同位语从句,用以说明前面的名词的内容,if则不能。 We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not. (5)whether常与or连用表示一种选择,if不能这样用;whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。 The question of whether they are male or female is not important. I have not decided whether to go or not. (6)间接宾语位于句首时或者间接宾语提前时用whether不用if。 Thank you,but whether I’ll be free I’m not sure at the moment. (7)whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”,而if不能。 Whether he comes or not,we will begin our party on time. 3.“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”的区别。 (1)“疑问词+ever”可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的成分。 Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. You can choose whatever you like in the shop. (2)“疑问词+ever”还可引导让步状语从句。 Whoever breaks the rule,he must be punished. Whatever you do,you must do it well. (3)“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。 No matter what you do,you must put your heart into it. No matter who comes late,he must be punished. 4.when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。 when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词,则when和where引导的是定语从句,否则为同位语从句。 They put forward the question where they could get the money.(同位语从句) This is the place where the accident happened.(定语从句) ◆主语从句的核心考点 1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语,大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。 2.that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语,that不可省;what引导的主语从句表示“……的东西”时,一般不用it作形式主语;whatever,whoever,whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。 That she will succeed is certain. →It is certain that she will succeed. What he needs is more experience. 常见的it替代that引导的主语从句的句式主要有以下几种: (1)It+系动词+形容词(necessary,right,likely,unlikely,wrong,important,certain,clear,obvious,strange,normal等)+that从句 It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means. (2)It+be+名词(短语)(a pity,a shame,good news,a fact,an honour,a wonder,no wonder等)+that从句 It’s no wonder that you’ve achieved so much success. (3)It+be+过去分词(said,told,heard,reported,decided,suggested,advised,ordered,remembered,thought,considered,well-known,announced等)+that从句 It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment. (4)It+特殊动词(seem,appear,happen,matter)+that从句 It happened to me that I had been away when he called. 注意:(1)在“It is necessary/important/strange/natural...+that从句”结构中,从句谓语常用“(should+)动词原形”形式。 (2)在“It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required...+that从句”结构中,that从句谓语应用“(should+)动词原形”。 1.动词的宾语从句 (1)大多数动词(hope,tell,say等)可以带宾语从句。 We all expect that they will win,for members of their team are stronger. I don’t think you are right. I don’t suppose he cares,does he? (2)动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等后有宾语补足语时,则需要it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。 I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. ◆宾语从句的核心考点 (3)有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词(短语)有hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,see to等。 I hate it when they talk with their mouths full. 2.一般情况下介词后只能用wh类连接词引导宾语从句。 We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 注意:(1)where引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。 We could see the temple quite clearly from where we lived. (2)that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的,只有在except,in,but等介词后偶尔可能用到。 Your composition is quite good except that the organization is a bit loose. (3)sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,surprised等表示“情感”的形容词后也可带宾语从句。 I’m sure that they will make it in spite of the terrible weather. ◆表语从句的核心考点 1.主句的主语是idea,advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement等名词时,表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气,即“(should+)动词原形”的形式。 His suggestion is that we (should) change our course. 2.主语为名词reason时,表语从句中的连接词要用that,而不用why或because。 The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much. 3.because,as if,as though,as,like等连接词也可引导表语从句。 He has lung disease.That is because he has been smoking too much. ◆同位语从句的核心考点 同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词的内容的从句。 1.能接同位语从句的名词有:belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,conclusion,suggestion,problem,order,answer,decision,explanation,information,thought等。 2.同位语从句一般用that引导,但也可以用连接代词(what,which,who)、连接副词(when,where,why,how)或whether引导。 I have no idea what has happened to him. 3.有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后,而是被别的词隔开。 The story goes that William Tell did kill the king with that sword. 返回 名词性从句高考中的应用 ◆名词性从句与语法填空 在语法填空题中主要考查名词性从句中的连接词。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,其连接词一般不可省略(宾语从句中的that可省略)。 典题试做1 在空白处填入适当的连接词 1.As natural architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly
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