【解题思路】根据画线词后的“one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses”及上文可知,埃及、巴比伦这些国家在当时都处于专制统治之下,君主拥有绝对的权力。由此可推知,tyrannies指拥有绝对权力的君主统治、专政统治。故选D。
26.C【命题立意】细节理解题。难度中等。
【解题思路】根据第三段最后一句“The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.”可知,信仰自由的人是指那些能够自律并能担起国家重任的人,即遵守法律、珍视国家的人。故选C。
27.A【命题立意】推理判断题。难度中等。
【解题思路】根据第四段第五句“Athens changed.”和该段倒数第二、三句“Now instead of men giving to the state,the state was to give to them.What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them...ideas of freedom and self—reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing.”可知,雅典人的态度改变了,与以往为国家做出贡献的做法不同,他们希望国家能给他们提供一个舒适的生活,他们不再看重自由,也忽视了自己承担的责任。由此可推知,雅典人态度的改变体现在他们拒绝承担责任。故选A。
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