第四,美中贸易是全球供应链的组成部分。虽然全球化给各国带来了财富和增长,但它并没有改变富国和穷国之间的分工。实际上,美国处于供应链的高端,而中国处于供应链的低端。苹果手机就是最典型的例子。几乎所有苹果手机都在中国组装,但中国工人和工厂只获得5%的附加值(主要是劳动力成本),而苹果的设计、品牌和销售拿走附加值的近60%,苹果的美国投资者分享了这些利润。然而,作为苹果手机组装的最后一环,中国必须承担苹果公司出口到美国的全部价值。不同的经济学家认为,全球供应链把中国对美国的出口夸大了40%到60%。
Fourth, US-China trade takes place within the global supply chain. While globalization has brought wealth and growth to countries, it has not changed the division of labor between the rich and the poor nations. In reality, the US is at the high end of the supply chain, while China is at the low end of the supply chain. Apple's iPhone is the most typical example. Almost all iPhones are assembled in China, but Chinese workers and factories only receive 5% value added (mainly labor costs), and Apple's design, branding, and sales account for nearly 60% of the value added, and American investors from Apple share these profits. However, as the final assembly point of the iPhone, China has to bear the entire value of all Apple exports to the US. The global supply chain exaggerates China's exports to the United States by as much as 40-60%, according to different economists.
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