患者年龄相差每隔5岁就被分成一个小组,从25-29岁至80-84岁,并在接下来的20年内,对他们进行随访。研究员发现:与肥胖相关的癌症在20年间显著增加,但更为惊讶的是,年轻群体的患癌率上升最高。
So, how does obesity lead to cancer?
那么,肥胖是如何导致癌症的呢?
Fat cells aren't harmless and they're not neutral. They're active in the body, even toxic. They release inflammatory hormones and pass signals to cells that encourage them to divide and grow, sometimes going on to grow uncontrollably, building up into malignant tumours.
脂肪细胞既不是无害的,也不是中性的。它们在人体内十分活跃,甚至有毒。它们会释放炎症激素,向细胞传递信号鼓励它们分裂、生长。有时候,这些细胞会不受控制的生长,形成恶性肿瘤。
While cases are still far more common in older people, scientists say the growing trend in younger patients is likely to reflect rising obesity levels. "Most cancers occur in older adults, which means that as the young people in our study age, the burden of obesity-related cancer cases and deaths are likely to increase even more," says the study's lead author, Dr Ahmedin Jemal.
虽然老年癌症患者依然更为常见,但科学家表示,年轻患者的增长趋势很有可能反映了肥胖程度的增加。"癌症大多发生在老年人身上,这意味着随着本研究中年轻受试者的年龄增长,与肥胖相关的癌症病例和死亡负担会进一步加重,"研究的主要作者亚曼汀·杰梅尔博士说道。
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