氨NH3
二十世纪初,世界人口不断增长,但人们还没有认识到足够的氨可以让耕地更加肥沃。由于一种被称作哈伯制氨法的可以大规模制造氨的技术被发现,让世界上二十亿人口不再每天挨饿。如今每年我们生产一亿吨氨用于制造肥料,此外,它还是炸药的重要成分。
IRON — Fe
Iron accounts for at least 90 per cent of metal production. Without it we wouldn't have power lines or oil refineries. Iron is a key component of cars, trains, planes, ships, fridges, dishwashers and computers. As a chemical it's also used in insecticides, water purification, sewage treatment and the production of ammonia. Iron was first smelted 3,500 years ago, but it wasn't until English engineer Henry Bessemer's invention in 1856 of an inexpensive way to mass-produce steel from iron that its use skyrocketed. In 2007 alone, 1,900 million tones of iron ore were produced, with 98 per cent of that used to make steel.
铁Fe
钢铁在金属产量中至少占到百分之九十份额。没有它,我们就不会有各种电力线或炼油厂。钢铁是各类汽车、火车、飞机、轮船、冰箱、洗碗机以及计算机的主要组件。作为一种化学原料,它也被用于制造杀虫剂、提纯水、净化污水和制氨。铁首次被使用已有三千五百年历史,但直到1856年,英国工程师亨利·贝西默找到丛铁中廉价提炼钢材的方法,它才被大规模应用。仅2007年就有十九亿吨铁矿石被提炼,其中百分之九十八被用于炼钢。
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