禁忌背后的心理_BEC初级作文_BEC初级-查字典英语网

禁忌背后的心理

Generally, the prohibition that is inherent in a taboo includes the idea that its breach or defiance will be followed by some kind of trouble to the offender, such as lack of success in hunting or fishing, sickness, miscarriage, or death. In some cases proscription is the only way to avoid this danger; examples include rules against fishing or picking fruit at certain seasons and against walking or traveling in certain areas. Dietary restrictions are common, as are rules for the behavior of people facing important life events such as parturition, marriage, death, and rites of passage.

禁忌所蕴含的禁律通常包括这么一个观念：违反或者藐视禁忌会令违反者祸患临身，如打猎或捕鱼无甚收获，生病，流产，或者死亡。在某些情况下，限制行为是避免这些危险的唯一方法，例如制定一些禁止在某些季节捕鱼或采摘果实，以及禁止在某些区域行走或通过的规定。最常见的是各种饮食上的禁忌，对人们生命中重要事件的行为规范也不少，如对分娩、结婚、死亡和各种个人典礼中的规矩。

In other cases, the danger represented by the taboo can be overcome through ritual. This is often the case for taboos meant to protect communities and individuals from beings or situations that are simultaneously so powerful as to be inherently dangerous and so common that they are essentially unavoidable. For example, many cultures require persons who have been in physical contact with the dead to engage in a ritual cleansing. Many cultures also circumscribe physical contact with a woman who is menstruating—or, less often, a woman who is pregnant—because she is the locus of extremely powerful reproductive forces. Perhaps the most familiar resolution to this taboo is the Jewish practice of bathing in a mikvah after menstruation and parturition.