之后,中国利用篆刻木块制成字体模板发明了印刷术。至此书籍已可印刷出版而并非手工抄写。所有文官的候选人都要用功研读印刷成册的孔子训词。
In 1273 a handbook for Chinese farmers and growers of raw silk was printed, according to Geoffrey Blainey, writer of A Very Short History of the World. Soon 3,000 copies were in circulation, at a time when the same task would have called for a year's labor by a monastery full of Italian monks writing out the books by hand.
《世界简史》的作者杰弗里?布莱尼表示,1273年,一本为中国农民和养蚕者编写的印刷手册问世。不久,便有3000本书流通于世。当时,若是同样一本书,则需要一间修道院里所有意大利僧侣花费一年时间才能抄写完。
The great leap forward in learning came thanks to the printing press. Johannes Gutenberg of Mainz in Germany was perhaps the first European to print a book using not only a printing press but also metallic type.
人类学习历史上的一大飞跃要多亏了印刷机的问世。来自德国美因茨市的约翰内斯?古滕贝格可能是第一位不仅使用机器印刷,还使用金属字块来印刷书本的欧洲人。
His techniques were copied and adapted. Thanks to the printing press, cheap books were possible.
他的技术被广泛采纳应用,因为有了印刷机,书本才会变得这么便宜。
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