经济衰退时哪些工作不易丢?_BEC初级作文

经济衰退时哪些工作不易丢?

目前美国出现了经济增长放缓、就业远远不够充分的令人担忧的迹象，在此背景之下美国政府最近公布了最新的就业初步数据。

But economists see a couple of longer-term trends. Dividing the workforce into high, medium and lower-skill workers, they note that around the world, demand for the most skilled and educated - from engineers to specialized factory workers - has been relatively strong. But globalization and technology have eroded demand for routine middle-skill, middle wage jobs: In factories, assembly jobs have been eliminated by automation or moved overseas; in offices, tasks once done by humans are done by computers and voice-response software.

经济学家从中发现了一些长期趋势。他们将所有劳动力划分为高级技能人员、中级技能人员和低级技能人员，他们指出全球范围而言就业市场对技能最高、教育程度也最高的人员（工程师、特殊技能工厂工人等）的需求相对比较强。然而，全球化和科技的发展削弱了美国国内对常规的中等技能和中等薪资的岗位的需求。例如，工厂中的装配岗位因为自动化或是迁往海外而消失，而以往由人处理的办公室事务如今也改由电脑和语音应答软件处理。

At the same time, Massachusetts Institute of Technology economist David Autor notes an increase in personal-service jobs - the ones that can't be done remotely from overseas and can't easily be done by machines. To measure this, Mr. Autor and MIT's Daron Acemoglu sliced the U.S. workforce into 318 occupations, ranked by skill and education. Between 1989 and 2007 - just before the recession - they found a 5% increase in routinized production, machine-operator and clerical jobs - but a 36% increase in personal-service jobs and a 40% increase in top-of-the-pyramid jobs, such as managers, professionals and finance wizards.