This phenomenon's occurrence in many species makes evolutionary sense. For 99% of animals, stress involves a major burst of energy use as they, say, run for their lives. Afterward, the body stimulates appetite, especially for high-density calories, to rebuild depleted energy stores. But we smart, neurotic humans keep turning the stress-response on for purely psychological reasons, putting our bodies repeatedly into the restocking mode.
这种现象出现在很多物种当中,这可以从进化论角度解释。对于99%的动物来说,压力都涉及能量消耗的大幅增加(比如说在逃命的时候)。在这之后,身体刺激食欲、特别是对高热量的食欲,以重新积累耗尽的能量储备。但聪明而又神经兮兮的人类因为纯粹心理上的原因而不断出现应激反应,使我们的身体反复进入重新积累能量的模式。
Scientists are beginning to understand how this stress-related junk-food craving works. Stress increases the release of 'endogenous opioids' in some brain regions. These neurotransmitters resemble opiates in their structure and addictive properties (and opiates work by stimulating the receptors that evolved for responding to the brain's opioids). This helps to account for the hugely reinforcing properties of junk food at such times.
科学家正在开始理解压力导致垃圾食品渴求的机理。压力会增加大脑中某些区域“内源性阿片口”的释放,而这些神经传导物质的结构和成瘾属性类似于阿片口(阿片口是通过刺激受体起作用,这些受体是为了应脑部的阿口片进化而成)。这有助于理解垃圾食品在压力时刻的巨大强化属性。
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