The World Bank's list of upper-middle income countries has 55 members and covers much of Latin America, the less-wealthy parts of the middle east, the poorest countries in Europe and the richest countries in Africa. As our map shows, China's economic peers range from Colombia to Kazakhstan.

世界银行的中高收入国家名单内有55个国家和地区，包括拉丁美洲的大部分国家、中东地区不太富裕的国家，欧洲最贫穷的国家和非洲最富裕的国家。正如地图所示，与中国收入水平相当的还包括哈萨克斯坦和哥伦比亚等国家。

On one level, it is an achievement for China to make it into a club that also includes Brazil, Mexico and South Africa - though it still brings up the rear of that group. As of 2017, China's per capita GNI was about half of Brazil's. Still, a generation ago, China lagged much further behind.

从某种层面上讲，中国已跻身一个包括巴西、墨西哥、南非等国的俱乐部，这对中国来说算是一大成就，尽管中国在该俱乐部中的排名仍然靠后。截至2017年，中国的人均国民总收入(GNI)只有巴西的一半。当然，几十年前，中国人均GNI排名还要落后得多。

But all of these countries face long odds when it comes to matching western living standards in the forseeable future. Many of them have gone through spurts of high growth accompanied by wild optimism, only to slip into the economic doldrums again.

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