But many researchers believe that smaller particles known as ultrafine particles —which are not regulated by the EPA —are more dangerous, because they are small enough to travel deep into the lungs and be absorbed into the bloodstream, where they can produce toxic effects throughout the body.
That assumption led Cory-Slechta to design a set of experiments that would show whether ultrafine particles have a damaging effect on the brain, and if so, to reveal the mechanism by which they inflict harm. The study is the first scientific work to do both.
“I think these findings are going to raise new questions about whether the current regulatory standards for air quality are sufficient to protect our children,” said Cory-Slechta.
一项新研究表明,老鼠若在幼年期长期接触污染大气,脑部可能会受损。
这种受损包括大脑某一部分变肿大,就人类而言,变肿大的部分常出现在自闭者与精神分裂患者脑中。
相关研究结果已发布在《环境健康透视》杂志上。
就自闭症和精神分裂而言,这种变化更多出现在雄性之中。此外,试验中雄性小鼠的短期记忆、学习能力和冲动性行为均有下降。
除本实验外,其他最近几项研究也表明大气污染可导致儿童自闭症。
最显著的是2013年《美国医学协会杂志:精神病学分册》上发表的一项研究,该研究显示儿童若在一岁多时生活在交通尾气污染严重地区,患上自闭症的概率是同龄儿童的三倍。
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