你以为搬离贫民区就能脱贫吗_BEC初级作文

你以为搬离贫民区就能脱贫吗

结果相当惊人。住在公租屋的低收入少数族裔家庭的孩子，一开始的时候数学分数相当。但是七年之后，同学中贫困率少于20%的孩子，比起同学中贫困率在20%到80%之间的孩子，成绩遥遥领先。图1的曲线显示了其中的差异。绿线代表那些上了较为富裕学校的贫困家庭孩子（定义为领取“免费和优惠餐”[FARM]的学生）的数学分数，红线则代表所上学校里领FARM比例要高得多的贫困家庭孩子的数学成绩。

Perhaps the most important factors in the intergenerational transmission of disadvantage are the long-term effects on infants of living in extreme poverty.

也许，贫困代际传递最为重要的因素是，婴幼儿时期极端贫困带来的长期效应。

A study published by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 2011, “The Lifelong Effects of Early Childhood Adversity and Toxic Stress,” shows that “early experiences and environmental influences can leave a lasting signature on the genetic predispositions that affect emerging brain architecture and long-term health.” The pediatric study links “early adversity to later impairments in learning, behavior, and both physical and mental well-being.”

美国儿科学会(American Academy of Pediatrics)2011年发表了一篇研究论文，题为《婴幼儿时期逆境与有害压力的终生影响》(The Lifelong Effects of Early Childhood Adversity and Toxic Stress)。文中显示，“早期经历和环境影响可在遗传倾向方面留下持久痕迹，从而影响正在成型的大脑构造和长期健康。”这项儿科研究认为，“早期逆境与后来在学习、行为及身心健康上的缺陷有关。”