米歇尔在接受美国一家资讯网站的采访时说,“我们最重要的发现是关于自控——这个人们控制自我感情的能力,其实是可以被教导和学习的。这些都可在后天获得,没有什么是命定的。”
What’s more, he says, these experiments provide concrete lessons about self-control we can use as adults. Grown-ups can use these methods to quit smoking, or stick to a diet, or save money.
此外他还说,这些实验还为成年人如何自控提供了具体的指导。成年人可以用这些方法戒烟、控制饮食或是省钱。
Mischel and other psychologists argue that the battle between instant gratification (one marshmallow now) and long-term gratification (two marshmallows later) is really a battle between two different systems in the brain. “There’s the more primitive brain, which responds immediately and emotionally,” Mischel says. “Then other parts of the brain, concentrated in the prefrontal cortex, allow us to do things like control our attention, and think about the future, and delay gratification.”
米歇尔和其他心理学家都认为,即时满足(立刻得到一块棉花糖)与长期满足(过一会儿得到两块棉花糖)间的“斗争”事实上是大脑中两套系统间的“斗争”:大脑中更原始的部分会反应迅速,更加感性;而大脑中还有一些部分(主要集中在额前叶皮层)则让我们得以控制注意力,思考未来,延迟满足感。”
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