Two large groups of 61,433 women and 45,339 men in Sweden completed food frequency questionnaires for 96 common foods including milk, yoghurt and cheese. Women were tracked for an average of 20 years, during which time 15,541 died and 17,252 had a fracture, of whom 4,259 had a hip fracture. In women, drinking more milk did not cut the risk of broken bones, says the study published in The BMJ. Men were tracked for an average of 11 years, during which time 10,112 died and 5,066 had a fracture, with 1,166 hip fracture cases. Men who drank more milk also had a higher risk of death, although much lower than in women.In contrast, eating more dairy products such as yoghurt and cheese - with a low lactose content – led to lower death rates and fewer fractures, particularly in women.
瑞典,共有61433名女性和45339名男性接受了关于摄入牛奶、优格和乳酪频率的问卷调查。关于女性的追踪调查历时20年,期间15541名女性过世,17252名女性曾骨折,其中4259名女性髋骨骨折。饮用牛奶并没有降低女性骨折的风险。而男性的调查则持续了11年,期间10112名男性过世,5066名男性骨折,其中1166名髋骨骨折。饮用更多牛奶的男性死亡率虽与女性相比较低,但仍旧高于牛奶摄入少的人群。相反,摄入乳糖含量较低的优格或乳酪之类的乳制品死亡率更低,而且骨折风险更小。
Prof Sue, Head of the Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Surrey, said the study had limitations, such as weak methods to assess lifestyle habits including bodyweight. She said: ‘Also key is that all milk in Sweden is fortified with vitamin A. This may well be an important confounding factor. Milk and dairy products in the UK provide 50-60 percent of the calcium in our diet. We know that low calcium intakes is a risk factor for osteoporosis.’
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