This issue is not some abstruse scientific debate. If the cognitive benefits from exercise are a result of a placebo effect rather than of actual changes in the brain because of the exercise, then those benefits could be ephemeral and unable in the long term to help us remember how to spell ephemeral.
这个问题本身并不涉及什么深奥的科学辩论。如果运动提高认知能力的益处是安慰剂效应,而不是大脑因为运动发生了真正的改变,那么这些好处可能就会转瞬即逝,无法长期帮助我们记住“转瞬即逝”这种复杂词汇。
Studying this issue, however, is difficult. There is no placebo for exercise and no way to blind people about whether they are exercising. They know if they are walking or cycling or not.
然而,研究这个问题却很困难。对于体育锻炼来说,不存在无效对照剂,也没有办法不让受试者知道自己是不是在运动。他们清楚自己有没有步行或骑自行车。
So researchers at Florida State University in Tallahassee and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign came up with a clever workaround. They decided to focus on expectations, on what people anticipate that exercise will do for thinking. If people’s expectations jibe closely with the actual benefits, then at least some of those improvements are probably a result of the placebo effect and not of exercise.
因此,来自塔拉哈西的佛罗里达州立大学(Florida State University)以及伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)的研究人员想到了一个聪明的迂回办法。他们决定把关注点放在:受试者预期锻炼会对思维产生何种影响。如果他们的期待与实际的益处吻合,那么至少部分好处很可能是源于安慰剂效应,而不是锻炼的结果。
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