互联网时代的劳资之争_BEC初级作文

互联网时代的劳资之争

至少在短期内，企业员工还不会受到经济兴衰变故的影响。不论是设备故障还是业务波动，大部分风险都由公司而非个人承担。但按需经济让许多这样的保障措施都消失了。当厄运降临时，劳动者只能自己承担。

Adam Smith explained that the division of labour is limited by the extent of the market. If you spend all your days putting metal heads on the end of pins, you can get very good at it. But unless there is a market in which you can trade pins for money, and others in which you can trade money for food, shelter and cloth, you will not prosper by doing so. Specialisation brings gains. Its essential precondition is a system of exchange.

亚当•斯密(Adam Smith)解释了为什么说劳动分工受到市场范围的限制。如果你整天都做把金属头镶到大头针尾部的工作，你会变得非常熟练。但除非有一个你能够用大头针换来钱的市场，以及其他你可以用钱换来吃穿住的市场，否则，你无法通过制作大头针致富。专业化能带来收益的基本前提，是存在一个交换体系。

This poses a difficulty, for markets are themselves limited. Transacting in them is costly, and sometimes the cost might be so high it outweighs the value to be gained. This was the insight of the Nobel prizewinning economist Ronald Coase, and he used it to explain why humanity is not the only form of intelligent life in our economic universe. If economic exchange were intermediated exclusively via markets, all transactions could take place between people; there would be no need for companies to exist at all. But corporate hierarchies are sometimes a cheaper way of co-ordinating economic exchange.