这一次庞大复杂的研究数据被大大简化了,研究结果看起来和以往有点不同。首先,美国学生在各个方面(不仅仅是在团结程度上)都给了美音朗读者很高的评价。其次,最引人注目的是,新西兰和澳大利亚的学生也在各方面给了美音朗读者很高的评价。事实上,这些学生在团结程度上给了美音朗读者比持自己国家方言的人更高的评价。
Why might this have happened? Why are American accents suddenly so ubiquitous and admired? The authors held the media largely responsible. They argue that the change may “reflect a bowing to the inexorable pressure of American global hegemony in all its guises: fast foods, pop music, films, middle-class sitcoms, American ownership or part ownership of what were formerly New Zealand/Australian entities like rail, phone, and power networks, and even the adoption of Black American music, dance, and spoken idiom by the equivalent Maori and Pacific Island underclass in New Zealand.” Indeed, students in New Zealand, where the influence of the American media is even stronger than in Australia, had a more positive perception of American accents than did students in Australia.
为什么会这样?为什么美国口音突然变得无处不在、如此吃香?这个责任很大程度上要归因于掌控着媒体的人。他们争辩说这种变化可能“反应了对美国在全球各种形式的霸权的屈服,这种霸权带来了无法阻挡的压力:快餐、流行音乐、电影、中产阶级的情景喜剧、美国对原来是新西兰或澳大利亚的实业(像铁路、电话和电力)的所有权或部分所有权,甚至对美国黑人音乐和舞蹈以及土话的接纳,这些土话就相当于新西兰的毛利语和下等阶层的语言。”新西兰的学生受美国媒体的影响甚至比澳大利亚还要大,他们的确对美式口音的看法要比澳大利亚学生更积极一点。
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