Ginosar says this is because of changing technologies.'These days we take for granted that we should smile when our picture is being taken,' she writes in her report.'However, smiling at the camera was not always the norm.
吉诺萨称这是由于科技的进步。"如今我们理所当然地认为拍照时就该笑,"吉诺萨在其报告中写到。"然而并不是每个时代的人都会在拍照时微笑。"
'In the late 19th century people posing for photographs still followed the habits of painted portraiture subjects.
19世纪晚期,人们拍照摆的姿势依然模仿图画里的惯用动作。
'These included keeping a serious expression since a smile was hard to maintain for as long as it took to paint a portrait.
其中就包括一脸严肃的表情,因为要在画肖像的时候一直保持着微笑太难了。
'Also, etiquette and beauty standards dictated that the mouth be kept small - resulting in an instruction to 'say prunes', rather than cheese.
还有,当时礼数和美的标准都要求笑不露齿-所以人们拍照时摄影师会让人说"prunes"(开口度小),而不是"cheese"(开口度大)。
'All of this changed during the 20th century when amateurs photography became widespread.
这些现象在20世纪时才得以改变,因为当时业余摄影开始普及。
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