不过,就像因过度紧张而无法正常发挥的排球发球手或是在考场中紧张的考生一样,总想着不把事情弄糟会使你对事态的进展顾虑重重,如此一来,结果必然还是会搞砸,尽管你已经努力避免把事情弄糟了。换句话说,问题大概还是在于降低对自我表现的焦虑,诺尔斯和她的同事也确实找到了方法帮助参与他们研究的孤独者,虽然不可否认的是,这可能不适用于实验室外的情况。研究人员让志愿者喝下一种看上去像能量饮料的液体,并跟他们说他们的紧张感都是他们刚刚吸收的咖啡因引起的。(实际上那些饮料里不含咖啡因,不过没关系,志愿者相信里面有。)然后他们做了情感识别测试,就像第一个实验那样。与第一个实验的分数比起来,不孤独的人的得分没有明显的变化,但研究者却发现孤独的志愿者得分提高了,甚至在告诉他们这是个社交技能测试后也是如此。
It may be difficult to trick yourself into believing your nerves are from caffeine and not the fact that you really, really, really want to make a good impression in some social setting, but there are other ways to change your own thinking about anxiety. One of my recent favorites is from Harvard Business School's Alison Wood Brooks, who found that when she had people reframe their nerves as excitement, theysubsequently performed better on some mildly terrifying task, like singing in public. At the very least, this current research presents a fairly new way to think about lonely people. It's not that they need to brush up on the basics of social skills — that they've likely already got down. Instead, lonely people may need to focus more on getting out of their own heads, so they can actually use the skills they've got to form friendships and begin to find a way out of their isolation.
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