当然,我们所有人都有一两种自恋的特质,不过不会严重到被临床诊断为心理失调的程度。对自己的能力感到强烈自信,这当然也不属于自恋之列。
“Narcissism exists in many shades and degrees of severity along a continuum,” Dr. Burgo said, and for well-known people he cites as extreme narcissists, he resists making an ad hoc diagnosis of narcissistic personality disorder, as defined by the American Psychiatric Association.
“自恋的程度和级别有很多种,”伯戈医生说,至于那些被他称为极端自恋者的名人,他并不愿按照美国精神病学会的诊断标准,仓促给他们贴上自恋型人格的特定标签。
The association’s diagnostic manual lists a number of characteristics that describe narcissistic personality disorder, among them an impaired ability to recognize or identify with the feelings and needs of others, grandiosity and feelings of entitlement, and excessive attempts to attract attention.
该学会的诊断手册列举了一系列自恋型人格失调的特点,其中包括辨识他人感受和需求的能力受损、自大、感觉自己享有特权,以及过分努力地吸引关注。
Dr. Giancarlo Dimaggio, of the Center for Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy in Rome, wrote in Psychiatric Times that “persons with narcissistic personality disorder are aggressive and boastful, overrate their performance, and blame others for their setbacks.”
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